FeedChannel

Webinar#3: Feedase The Global Feed Digestibility Approach

Thu, 04 Mar 2021 10:00:39 GMT

Speakers: Prof K.E. Bach Knudsen, Prof M. Kidd, Dr J. Noblet and Pierre-André Geraert

More about the feedase effect. Prof K.E. Bach Knudsen, Prof M. Kidd and Dr J. Noblet have discussed about the indigestible fraction of feed and its impact on the global feed digestibility.

Questions and answers session held during the live

Q: What elements or factors in feed and feed manufacturing destroy enzyme structural integrity?

Mainly feed processing with water vapor, pressure and temperature are stressful to protein structures and depending on their level and duration could significantly impair enzyme structures and thus efficacy.

Q: As substrate concentration increases is enzyme dose or rate of activity more important?

The efficacy of the enzymes is related to breaking down few bonds to decrease the mocelular size and restore the nutrient accessibility or decrease viscosity. Most of enzymes are not used to completely degrade a substrate like endogenous amylase releasing glucose, but are more used to decrease the length of the polysaccharides to reduce impact on viscosity or accessibility for the endog enous enzymes. However, high doses of enzymes such as phytase need enough substrates to work on. Moreover NSP-enzyme dose response is usually curvilinear reaching a plateau irrespective of the substrate concentration.

Q: What are the anti nutrients specifically in corn?

More than anti-nutrients we should talk about low digestible or poorly digestible components that may affect the overall feed digestibility. As example the insoluble arabinoxylans highly ramified that you find in corn can reduce its nutritional value.

Q: About corn and soya bean diets. what is the percent % of cell wall fibers? and what are the exogenous enzymes required?

We have published many synthesis on those levels and recommend the following to get the best overview (Geraert et al., 2005, Dietary carbohydrates: a review of their physicochemical properties and digestibility in poultry and swine, 18 pp, Proc Eastern Nutrition Conference, ANAC, 10-11 May) as well as the most recent paper by Bach-Knudsen (Fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide content and variation in common crops used in broiler diets, Poult Sci, 2014, 93:2380-2393). Enzymes required to hydrolyse NSP from corn are endoxylanase, arabinofuranosidases, acetylxylan esterase, feruloyl esterase and glucuronidases. For soybean meal, a large range of enzymes is required including pectinases, xylanases, debranching enzymes.

Q: What is the different in anti nutrients between wheat and corn?

Most of the NSP structures exist in both cereals. However, the proportion of soluble NSP is higher in wheat than in corn and the arabinoxylans are more branched or ramified with arabinose residues in corn than wheat.

Q: You still haven´t mentioned the role of Proteases to increase total and aminoacids digestibility. Can you also explain the differences between birds and pigs regarding the mode of action of enzymes ?

Fundamentally exogenous enzymes are similar for both species but they may not release their effect at the same level of the digestive tract (pH, transit time…). Proteolytic enzymes are very abundant in the metabolism of our animal species, however, there is often a limited access to the protein in the vegetables for those endogenous enzymes. That's why NSP-enzymes having a range of enzyme activities have shown improvement in amino acid digestibility. Such an effect is not direct on the proteins but indirect giving more access of the chymotrypsine, pepsine... to the substrates.

Q: How this enzyme could behave in the rumen? Do you think it could improve feed digestibility in Dairy and beef cattle?

NSP-enzymes have already been evaluated in ruminants. They indeed improve the access to the fibres and may result in increased energy availability but have not yet often justified enough return-on-Investment.

Q: Beyond phytate and the specific compounds from soy, what anti-nutritional factors can you considered important in corn-wheat-soy diets?

Soybeans are riched in pectins, complex polysaccharide structures, and corn contain highly ramified arabinoxylans. Those structures limit the accessibility to the nutrients and are thus important to consider to improve feed digestibility?

Q: Organic acid can improve ndf digestion?

Improving the functioning of the intestine through lowering pH for instance will have an effect on feed digestibility. However, the animals do not possess the enzymatic activities required to truly digest fibres and improving the gut functioning will not generate new enzyme production such as xylanase or b-glucanase. Lowering pH especially in the hindgut might favour fibrolytic bacteria and subsequently improve NDF digestion. Unfortunately, the yield of such action might be very low.

Scientific Background on Feedase : The Global Feed Digestibility Approach

Thu, 04 Mar 2021 09:59:50 GMT

Prof K.E. Bach Knudsen; Prof M. Kidd and Dr J. Noblet shared their expert insights. Enzymes have long been used in animal feeding to get rid of these anti-nutritional components. However, they have only recently been considered on their global effect on feed. It will allow to get their full economic value and improve animal protein production sustainability.

Webinar#3: Feedase: The Global Feed Digestibiliy Approach

More about the feedase effect. Prof K.E. Bach Knudsen, Prof M. Kidd and Dr J. Noblet have discussed about the indigestible fraction of feed and its impact on the global feed digestibility.

WEBINAR #9 : Liquid Additives in the feed mills

Wed, 08 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Speakers: Franck Ducatel, Operation Director at Cargill Premix France and president of Tecaliman, Joan Brussosa, International Sales/Project Manager at Mangra, Marc Perel (Solution Application Manager)

Watch an experts’ discussion on liquids additives use at mixer and at post-pelleting stages. The webinar “Liquid additives: an opportunity of value!” enabled exchanges on liquids additives use at mixer and at post-pelleting stages.The Answers to the questions sent during the live are available now on the Forum

Franck Ducatel, Operation Director at Cargill Premix France and president of Tecaliman, Joan Brussosa, International Sales/Project Manager at Mangra and Marc Perel (Solution Application Manager) were on the set to host the live webinar. Anna Perez, Reaseach Director Analysis, IRTA was also interviewed to give an analytical point of view.

Questions and Answers session

As mentioned during the live webinar, the “liquid additive equipment maintenance check list” can be downloaded via: http://bit.ly/39SbeQn and to know more click here.

Can you comment on the sequence of addition of the different liquids in the main mixer?

First, a dry mixing time is needed to homogeneize the solid ingredients. Before addition of micro-liquids, it can be quite short (a few seconds). Then comes the addition of liquids -time depend on quantity and flow). They can be applied simultaneously since the flows do not overlap. Lastly, the third mixing time allows to finalize the repartition of liquids within the batch. All automation systems have different approaches to consider these different times but things must be cleared between the feed manufacturer and the PLC company.

Compared to powder dosing, the injection of liquid requires specific equipment whose maintenance is more delicate. What are the practices to recommend for monitoring "weighings"? (pump, plastic or metallic material, injector ...)

Maintenance of liquid system is not a big deal. It consists mainly on checks and verifications. Please have a look to Adisseo's check-list proposal.

Is the premixing of liquids a recommended practice?

As far as possible, managing each liquid seperately is recommended (from storage to spraying). But if there is no adverse interaction, liquids can be put together before addition in the mixer.

How to ensure the good dispersion of the active liquid materials in the mixer?

Spraying is a matter of choice of nozzles (number, type, size, angle), location, pressure and viscosity in some cases.

From the point of view of the incorporation of liquids, are there differences in behavior between the different types of mixers?

The equipment supplier must consider the type of mixer (single/double shaft - ribbon/paddle...) to implement the nozzles. Spraying quality is of bigger importance than the mixer type. The filling ratio of the mixer is also of importance (distance between the sprays and the feed; are the shaft and ribbon or paddles covered by the feed?).

If we have powder micro ingredient and want to apply it with oil on feed, what would be the suggested mode of application, as oil suspension (powder directly in oil), as water dispersion (powder into small quantity of water and than water solution into oil) or as an emulsion?

It mainly depend on the physical and chemical properties of the additive (particle size, solubility, rate of inclusion, stability....). Today this topic is more research program.

Is there any limit as for the amount of additives that recommend applying with a post-pellet dosing equipment? (enzymes and/or probiotics)?

Fortunately, additives are quite concentrated. Even if the manufacturer wants to spray 2 or 3 different products, an addition of 1 liter per ton or a bit more is doable.

What is your opinion about the feed mills having PPLA system without sieving the pellets before liquid application. Can this system be accurate enough?

Of course, this is not the best option. THe final result will then depend on the 3 factors: initial quantity of fines in the feed, pellet durability, stresses during feed storage, transportation and distribution to the animals.

Which is ithe most efficient Post pellet liquid applicator available now? For Fish feeds, With less cost, Any options...Pls explain the working if possible.

Many suppliers propose proper PPLA systems. For fish feed, adding liquids continuously in a drum coater is common. A more recent technique is vacuum batch coating to apply high levels of fats and oils. Liquid additives are applied at the same stage.

Thank you for the ongoing live about liquid additives in the feed mill. We often face the following question from our customers on liquid application system.Kindly requesting your insight on the same. Can we mix macro ingredients (oil) with Micro ingredients(Amino acids/Acitifier) while spraying into batch mixer? Or All Micro ingredients together ? Thank you for your clarification.

As far as possible, managing each liquid seperately is recommend (from storage to spraying). But if there is no adverse interaction, liquids can be put together before addition in the mixer.

How should the liquids and palatabilizer be added together or separately?

In general, palatants require less accuracy in term of dosage and spraying compared to other types of additives. They can be easily sprayed on a mechanical conveyor. This is why they are independent most of the time. Before mixing with another liquid, incompatibility of molecules must be assessed.

Is dry mixing necessary in the mixing time or we can skip it and start liquid spray after loading?

With flowmeters we can have dedicated lines and mixing them into the manifold is optional. We can use different manifolds for those liquids which could not be mixed. It is a closed and cleaner system.

How can we choose between hidraulic or atomizing nozzles.

Refering to Post-Pelleting Liquid Application, the optimum is to create micro-droplets, not a mist. Pure hydraulic nozzles will not produce micro drops, so air is necessary but no so much because we want to get a fine dosing (micro drops) but avoid nebulization (mist).

How do I define the maximum inclusion based on free water resulted from this liquid additive?

In formulation, water content of liquid additives must be considered the same way as for solid ingredients (a value in matrix). In practice, water content of additives is never limitating. With weighing scales it is necessary to add each liquid separately and sometimes mix them before addition into the mixer or use dedicated scales for each liquid. The scaled vessel always keeps traces of the previous mixture and is more difficult to flush and clean.

What are the benefits of flowmeters comparing to weighing scales?

With weighing scales it is necessary to add each liquid separately and sometimes mix them before addition into the mixer or use dedicated scales for each liquid. The scaled vessel always keeps traces of the previous mixture and is more difficult to flush and clean.

What are the advantages of mass flowmeter compared to volumetric flowmeter?

A mass flowmeter measures Mass Flow (kg/min), regardless the actual density value. If there are changes in density value, the flow meter corrects it automatically.
A volumetric flowmeter measure Volume Flow (l/min). As the dosing is made in mass, it is necessary to change from Liter to Kg in the electronics using the actual density value. If the density varies, the conversion to Mass could be slightly affected and alter dosing accuracy.

What is the best sequence for adding different liquids? Is it ok to spray all liquids in the mixer at the same time, if the mixing time is very short?

Please refer to the 1st question in the Forum.

After a mixer profile test, What should we recommend a customer when the CV of the liq is not as good as the powder? What are the advices to improve CV for liquid?

This is a very open question. Apparent heterogeneity can have different sources: actual quality of spraying (place, geometry, pressure, steadiness of the flow...). Let's not forget the analytical process i.e. sampling and lab analysis.

Potential of enzymes to buffer variability

Thu, 27 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Speaker: Natalie MORGAN (UNE, Australia)

Presentation:
Supplementary enzymes have the potential to reduce the variability between batches of ingredients and within animal flocks.

Advancia Academy 2019

Variability: the nutritionist’s nightmare:

How to monitor its impact to improve feed formulation?

Feed is the largest contributor to the cost of animal protein production. It is therefore, the main cause of uncertainty and anxiety for nutritionists and feed formulators. Dealing with variability to prepare consistent feeds is the objective of nutritionists worldwide.

There are no bad raw materials… only wrongly evaluated and incorrectly used raw materials.

Natalie MORGAN- Teaser - Advancia Academy on Variability

Thu, 27 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Presentation: Potential of enzymes to buffer variability

Advancia Academy 2019-Variability: the nutritionist’s nightmare

Fibres in layer diets: properties and nutritional functions

Tue, 23 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Speaker: Knud Erik Bach Knudsen

Dietary fibres: key feedstuffs to optimize layer nutrition. From adverse to beneficial effects.

Fibres are important components of the layer diets, often more diluted than broiler ones. Having a better knowledge of the characteristics of those fibres will help to better value them. The fibre fraction is represented by carbohydrates and lignin which cannot be digested by the endogenous enzymes. The most important functional properties of fibres are related to solubility and viscous properties in the gut and the encapsulation of potentially available nutrients. Exogenous enzymes can be used to alleviate some of the negative effects of the fibre in relation to feed intake, digestibility and nutrient utilization.

EggDay 2017